Lakota Rituals and Ceremonies::

Conclusion

In the above we have seen described three rituals which reveal a universe in which animals, plants, humans, stars, sky, spirits and so on, are all related, and we have seen how ritual provides the medium - the time and the space - through which communication between these different but interrelated elements can take place. Indeed, Lakota ritual serves as a unifying act through which all the elements of the universe are united, and the sacred pipe is the ritual mediator as established in mythical time through the instructions of White Buffalo Calf Woman.

© 2002 by Bornali Halder

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